EVANS NON-AQUEOUS PROPYENE GLYCOL COOLANT

TO AVOID THE POSSIBILITY OF ENGINE DAMAGE USE ONLY UNDILUTED EVANS NON-AQUEOUS PROPYLENE GLYCOL (NPG) COOLANT IN AN EVANS NPG COOLING SYSTEM. WATER IS CONSIDERED TO BE AN IMPURITY, AND HARMFUL TO THE SYSTEM.

CAUTION

Other forms of propylene glycol, the base for EVANS NPG Coolant, have either

1)  No additives formulated for metal corrosion, or
2)  Improper additives for use with EVANS Cooling Systems.

• No additives; results in the rapid erosion of engine metals which then become suspended in the coolant, clogging the radiator and heater cores.
• Improper additives; will "gel out" and clog radiator and heater cores. (Examples of some fluids with improper additives: all water mix (50/50) automotive propylene glycol (PG) antifreeze, i.e.; Sierra Brand, and "potable" PG used to winterize RV plumbing and solar heating systems.)

STORAGE OF COOLANT

Tests show the normal "life expectancy" of EVANS NPG Coolant to be a minimum of 100,000 miles in a non-pressurized EVANS NPG Cooling System. Water in the coolant is considered to be an impurity. Since the coolant naturally absorbs moisture from the atmosphere, if it should be drained for any reason, it should be stored for re-use in a tightly capped container.

WHAT TO EXPECT

The following section compares the structural characteristics, operational effects, and limitations of: A - The Stage I "Basic Kit" System, which includes primarily only a change of the coolant, the vent system, and in some cases other minor mechanical modifications, and then B - The Stage II High Efficiency System, which additionally requires the replacement of the coolant pump and radiator with EVANS Cooling Systems uniquely designed NPG "Balanced Flow" Pumps and Radiators.

STAGE I "BASIC KIT" SYSTEM

The Stage I "Basic Kit" System conversion is capable of delivering only the primary (most basic) benefits of the EVANS Cooling technology; freedom from the effects of water and its related corrosion, boil over, high pressure, venting of coolant/vapor, and toxicity (toxic mixed with ethylene glycol antifreeze). The Stage I system will yield an initial reduction in metal to coolant heat transfer blockage caused by surface vapor, but it can not condition the metal's critical "hot spots" as effectively as the Stage II High Efficiency System. Although many engines and vehicles respond well to the Stage I system, some will not, and it is recommended that whenever possible a Stage II system should be installed in order to be assured of proper performance.

If the following conditions occur and continue with the use of a Stage I system, and after making the recommended changes summarized below, then an upgrade to a Stage II High Efficiency System is required.

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During periods of extreme cold weather (below 10ºF), some engines at idle, and at low speed, have a tendency to run at elevated temperatures, 250ºF to 260ºF, then return to normal levels when vehicle is at speed. In most cases the problem is due to an inherently large thermostat bypass circuit allowing the coolant (more viscous in extreme cold) to bypass the radiator through the open circuit at slow pump speeds. Although in most cases not detrimental to the engine, the situation can often be corrected by blocking the thermostat bypass (usually located at the pump), removing the OE thermostat, and installing the EVANS Total Flow Thermostat.

CAUTION

After blocking the bypass circuit, only the specially designed EVANS Total Flow Thermostat should be used or engine damage may occur. Blocking the bypass and installation of the thermostat is detailed in this manual, see EVANS TOTAL-FLOW THERMOSTATS. Section C - p11

Coolant temperature spikes in extremely cold weather (10ºF or below) have also been found to be caused by a restriction in the radiator and/or a very inefficient coolant pump, either of which result in reduced coolant flow when the coolant becomes more viscous in extremely cold weather. If the pump is extremely inefficient or the radiator very restrictive then this condition may occur even during hot weather.

Generally, the problem is found to be the pump impeller design and may be corrected by installing an EVANS Pump or an EVANS Pump Backing Plate and then adding an EVANS Total Flow Thermostat (with blocked bypass) as described above.

NOTE: In some vehicles these conditions can only be corrected by installing (or upgrading) to a Stage II High Efficiency System.

Also, if a major change is made to increase compression, horsepower, or turbo boost, the engine will always operate hotter (with any cooling system) and a Stage II system must be used. The same changes will cause a conventional cooling system to run hotter, overheat, and fail. The EVANS NPG Cooling Systems will continue to operate, FAILURE FREE, at the higher temperature (up to 290ºF) without engine damage. Tests have been conducted on 600 HP racing engines running at coolant temperatures as high as 300ºF with no engine damage. However, whenever operating an engine at higher coolant temperatures the oil temperature must be controlled and kept to a maximum of 250ºF, by using an oil cooler.

STAGE II HIGH EFFICIENCY SYSTEM

With no changes to the engine except for the proper installation of an EVANS Stage II system, equal or slightly lower coolant temperatures should be seen during periods of normal driving. The Stage II system with specialized new design pump and radiator must be used in any heavy duty or increased horse power applications.

Coolant temperatures of 260ºF may be realized during severe operating conditions such as towing, climbing of steep grades at slow speeds in hot weather, fully loaded trucks, RV’s at sustained full throttle, or employing ultra-high compression (14:1 to 16:1) in race conditions. This is normal for EVANS NPG Cooling Systems. This high temperature is not a warning of an impending overheating problem, but rather the normal efficiency of the higher capacity Evans NPG Coolant as heat is extracted from the engine metal. It is during such high-load periods of stress that Evans NPG Cooling best exhibits its benefits. Under identical conditions, a conventional water/ethylene glycol cooling system would attempt to reach the same temperature, extreme boiling within the cooling jacket would override the pressure cap, and the vent line would blow steam resulting in engine cooling failure. Such severe operating conditions REQUIRE a Stage II system with its properly designed EVANS NPG Pump and Radiator.

EVANS NPG Cooling will tolerate increases in temperature of 260ºF to 300ºF, without coolant loss. The engine will maintain proper coolant level and normal operation will continue during high-load periods. The system will return to conventional coolant temperatures, once the load is reduced, without coolant loss or engine damage. As indicated above, an engine and system with sustained high coolant temperatures will require the addition of an oil cooler.

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NOTE: The installation of a direct-reading temperature gauge to measure coolant temperature is recommended for vehicles operating under severe conditions. Vehicles without instrument packages generally are equipped with a multi-purpose "check engine" warning light that monitors several engine functions as well as coolant temperature and does not give adequate information.

Some engine modifications affect new-car warranty. Check with your dealer.

IMPORTANT

Coolant Temperature vs. Metal Temperature: With the installation of an EVANS NPG Cooling System, it is important to keep in mind the real function of the temperature gauge. The gauge monitors the temperature of the engine coolant and not that of the engine metal. Temperature readings with EVANS NPG Cooling at times may differ slightly from those of conventional systems that use water and ethylene glycol coolant. This is normal when the engine is operated at increased speeds and/or loads.

Comparison of the thermal capabilities of EVANS NPG Cooling and conventional cooling illustrates further the ability (heat capacity) of the EVANS NPG System to control engine metal temperatures without coolant loss or over-heating at temperatures above 250ºF

BOILING POINTS OF COOLANTS

EVANS NPG Coolant: 370ºF, at Zero PSI
Water: 212ºF, at Zero PSI
Water/Ethylene Glycol: 255ºF, at 15 PSI

The EVANS NPG Coolant's high vaporization (boiling) point, low vapor surface tension, and the apparatus of the system allow immediate condensation of the vapor generated within the engine and improved metal temperature control. Boiling occurs only at EVANS NPG Cooling "controlled critical hot spots" (as a process termed "nucleate boiling") which improves the liquid contact of the coolant to a larger mass area of engine hot metal surfaces. Thereby vapor is condensed within the cooling jacket eliminating the need for recovering vaporized coolant in a condenser, even while operating as a non-pressurized, open vented system.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

When converting to EVANS NPG Cooling never work on a conventional hot, pressurized water/antifreeze cooling system. Conventional water and antifreeze coolant spraying on a hot engine may ignite. Similar precautions should generally be adhered to with EVANS NPG Coolant; coolant vapor may ignite if it is above 240ºF and comes in contact with an open flame (leaking ignition spark, failed exhaust header, etc.) Always observe fire precaution warnings in your vehicle owner's manual. Never work on a vehicle supported only by a jack, always use jack stands or ramps.

Always wear eye protection.

Use caution near thermostatically controlled electric cooling fans, as they may activate even with ignition off.

EVANS NPG Coolant is non-hazardous to humans and animals. However, in some instances often traces of ethylene glycol, a hazardous material, remain in the engine after conversion and mixes with EVANS NPG Coolant which, at a later time, must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Used EVANS NPG Coolant is not a hazardous waste if it is free of E.G. antifreeze (residuals). EVANS NPG Coolant is essentially non-toxic.

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IMPORTANT

The complete removal of all old coolant from an engine previously operated with water or water and ethylene glycol is essential to the successful conversion of an engine to Evans NPG Cooling. It is the water that causes problems: just one ounce of remaining water will make 16 liters of steam and will overwhelm the vent mechanism of the EVANS NPG Cooling System if it flashes out of solution.

DRAINING OF OLD COOLANT

Let engine cool, set the heater control on maximum, and open the radiator drain. As soon as the expansion tank is empty, remove the radiator cap. THE COOLING SYSTEM MUST BE DRAINED COMPLETELY!

For vehicles without cylinder block drains, remove the lower radiator hose at the radiator, remove the radiator drain cock and elevate the vehicle from the rear for rear and four-wheel drive vehicles. Front-wheel drive vehicles should be raised from the side opposite the disconnected hose. To insure complete removal of old coolant, flush with water free coolant, or use the hot-purge procedure described on Page 22. On vehicles with block drains, remove the drain plugs and break through any sediment which may be blocking the drain.

To insure that all residual coolant is evacuated from the heater core, disconnect both heater hoses at the engine side of the heater, lower one hose into a drain pan and very gently introduce air into the other hose until fluid is fully drained.

It is advisable to pour the EVANS NPG, (or other, i.e.; "Sierra") flush, into the higher of the two heater hoses until it visibly flows from the draining hose in order to flush out old coolant.

Reinstall both heater hoses. With draining and flushing completed, level the vehicle and replace all hoses, plugs and drains; be sure to tighten clamps.

NOTE: Always use a drain pan to capture all fluid in compliance with local, state and federal laws. If drained fluid contains ETHYLENE GLYCOL, it must be disposed of as HAZARDOUS WASTE.

CAUTION

Anti-freeze containing ethylene glycol is poisonous. Do not leave it in an open container. Inspect drained fluid for rust and scale and, if dirty, flush system as previously described or use a quality caustic cleaning flush, then repeat the draining procedure with a water-free flush.

FLUSHING

All water and remaining coolant MUST be removed from the system being converted PRIOR to installing EVANS NPG coolant. The engine and system must be completely drained and, as necessary, use EVANS NPG coolant, or SIERRA brand antifreeze, (undiluted, no water), as a flush, or use the technique for hot-purging of residual water from coolan't which is described in HOT PURGING OF RESIDUAL WATER FROM COOLANT AFTER INSTALLATION, Section E - p22.

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